When i told my roommate about it she said ...

Aspiration pneumonia aspiration pneumonia information how to use reflexology in coma patient who has brainstroke for 4 years and aspiration pneumonia and the patient breathes only through the breathing machine. I want to know how to massage a patient with reflexology. will it be cured by reflexology? Please help .... as soon as possible

Is there anyone out there that has been or know someone who had serious hastropareza, leading to aspiration pneumonia, even after eyunostomiya fit?. My daughter projectile vomited from birth, but only started treatment when she was 1 year. It had various tests that comfirm hastropareza and GERD and 3 years ago was a direct eyunostomiya placed in her stomach jej kept migrating back into the abdomen. Jej was excellent, as it stopped the vomiting food that she regained a huge amount of weight she lost, but it still breaks my secrets stomach, although it has its hastrostomiya urinal, as a result it suffered from aspiration pneumonia 4 times and had many other infections of the chest. Our initial thought was to fundoplication, but I read that can be devastating when hastropareza also present. Any suggestions how I can not seem to get more assistance from the gastrointestinal team, and I'm afraid I'm going strattera 40mg to lose it if it continues. She is 7 years old and has a total delay of development. Thanks

, how long it will take to the atmospheric water starts to grow bacteria and cause pneumonia? I know that you are likely to cough it if you were unconscious

My father was in intensive care and on life support I will not go on about that issue with him, and he died on 24 September 2009on death certification says she died of natural causes, and then he said, aspiration pneumonia is currently in the intensive care unit nurses must be close to keep an eye on the patient Arent they? this could be avoided? Last night while sleeping I vomitted in my mouth on his back next thing I know in my hands and knees in bed, and vomit out of my mouth and I tried to breathe, because I could not. My throat burned very badly, so I got up to go to the bathroom and get some air into the lungs. When I told my roommate about it she told me that I could aspiration pneumonia. Friday I went out and did drink beer and was chewing gum in your mouth, I tried to move the gum, so I wouldn'tt swallow a little and my language, I did inhale, and it felt like beer went "wrong pipe" that for 3 days now I driving myself nuts I think the atmosphere of beer into my lungs. After two weeks of daily antibiotics IV, when we can expect that his oxygen saturation level to improve? Also, what happens to the fluid in the lungs when he coughed it up? Yesterday I inhaled some of my saliva accidentally. A few minutes after it happened, I began to cough, clear throat and throat seemed strange. This happened so far. I fear that I may be aspiration pneumonia or something like that. Do not worry go to the doctor? If I had aspiration pneumonia, how long would it be until he got very serious life-threatening? .

The body is designed for educational purposes...

Body: | | | | | Remedy Health Media: | | | Service Body Remedy Health Media, LLC, 250 West 57th Street, New York, NY 10107. Body and its logos are trademarks of Remedy Health Media, LLC and its subsidiaries, which own the copyright on the home page of the body, the buy strattera online subject pages, page designs and HTML-code. The body is designed for educational purposes only and is not engaged in rendering medical advice or professional services. The information provided through the body should not be used for diagnosing or treating a health problem or disease. It is not a substitute for professional care. If you have or suspect you might have a health problem, consult your doctor. .

However, 2 additional cases of bilateral ohm (not

SPIN Previously reported as individual case histories and small series . With the exception of one report

most cases describe neonates submission in the first few days of life with invasive diseases, particularly pneumonia and sepsis

, and is often accompanied by leukopenia. These cases were associated with LBW, preterm delivery and obstetric complications. mortality ranged from 20% to 60%. BЂ "Unlike most previously published reports, only three infants in this series are presented in the first 3 days of life, the risk factors of early >> << beginning of sepsis infants present in 2 of them. a child known risk factors, and none of these >> << 3 newborns with early onset presentation died. middle-aged (b ± SD) for the submission of all cases of invasive disease and SPIN

in the third week of life, 18. 1 day (8. 2) and 17. 8 days (9. 2), respectively, and only 1 of the children in this series.

was LBW in this study population , 8 (38%) of 21 infants who presented with invasive disease meningitis and 38%

primary bacteremia Pneumonia is an overview 4. children presented bacteremia pneumonia, and 4 newborns

with meningitis were associated pneumonia leukopenia and / or neutropenia was present in 30% of infants with invasive SPIN, ..

low white blood cells do not predict adverse outcome presentation of isolated OM occurred in 27. 6% of children in this series. Preliminary data from 1970 support the conclusion about

S pneumonia as a common pathogen in OM in infants.,

As in this report, other studies observed that young children with isolated pneumococcal OM were full term and often held bilateral

the disease. In the study Turner et al

70% of children were fever, and none of them related serious bacterial infection caused by pneumonia

S. In this report, only 1 of 8 infants with isolated OM had fever. However, 2 additional cases of bilateral OM (not culture proven

S pneumonia) were associated with concomitant pneumonia meningitis S in febrile infants. serogroup distribution of isolates of S recovered from pneumonia and neonatal nonneonates comparison (Fig. ..) In our study 75% SPIN and 86% nonneonatal infections were caused by serogroup currently licensed PCV-7 (data not shown

). When only invasive infection were examined in newborns, 26. 3% (5 of 19) were caused by nonvaccine serogroup

1, 3, 5 and 12, while the same serogroup represented only 6% of invasive disease in all children (

P =. 005). Some previous studies in United States and Europe have also shown that much of the

neonatal disease may be caused by nonvaccine serogroups. BЂ "These serogroups are rarely seen to cause invasive disease in infants in the United States and Europe, although they are

more serogroup causing disease in older children and adults.,,

Interestingly, they are important causes of disease in children in Asia, Africa and Latin America. These serogroups that can be purchased in the United States by parents and adult educators of children.

No newborns were infected with serogroup 23, the fourth most common serogroup (11%) infected nonneonates during this study period, and

unusual children B ‰ ¤ 2 years

(data not presented). neonatal isolates, likely to be susceptible than penicillin allocated in nonneonates (21 against 4% 33 8% sensitive ..) This difference was most pronounced when comparing the middle ear isolates (25% vs. 51% sensitive, Fig

)., although none of these differences reached statistical significance, probably due to small sample size newborn group >>. << pneumococcus is not considered normal flora of the vagina. However, pneumococcal pelvic infections, as known to account for women

related to pneumonia, surgery, foreign bodies, and labor.,

, and can lead to morbidity and mortality of mother and newborn child.,,

BЂ "In review of the West, etc.

7 (30. 4%) of 23 mothers of children with early onset (5 days) of invasive pneumococcal disease with clinical signs of infection

5 endometritis and 2 with meningitis. Several studies have shown genital colonization S pneumonia be extremely rare (B ‰ ¤ 0. 03%).,

Several authors noted earlier, the overall rarity of genital tract colonization with pneumonia

S offers high invasion colonization rate for babies this organism. So These authors suggest that serious attention >> << give birth or prevention strattera prescription strategies similar to those used with GBS disease for newborns born

women with positive cultures

S pneumonia.

It should be noted that some researchers doubt early onset SPIN may be more serious in children, especially

in developing countries.,,

neonates in this series showed signs of early or or late-onset sepsis, as described for Further

neonatal pathogens. Most infants reported here are presented in the second or third week of life invasive disease

such as meningitis, bacteremia, and pneumonia, and no obvious perinatal factors risk. In addition, bilateral OM

with perforation was common. source purchase of pneumococci in these children is not clear. Our data demonstrate the role >> << maternal vertical transmission present as early invasive disease and horizontal transmission from siblings or maybe >> << adults in close contact, leading to local disease (BB) and invasive disease from nonvaccine serogroups.

From the traditional study of microorganisms ...

This is the journal of antibiotics brings together various studies of microorganisms that have contributed to recent developments in medicines. From the traditional study of microorganisms as a source of therapeutic efficacy of new approaches to the biosynthesis or screening, collection of articles represents a perspective on how the study of antibiotics and microorganisms led to the discovery of the drug, and puts forward the idea that research directions may change in future. represents a feature of Systematics and Ecology, introduced a new section in the journal publish articles taxonomic and ecological research on microorganisms that produce antibiotics discovered and biologically active substances. The accompanying web focus brings together a set of articles that were published in the Journal of Antibiotics for the last two years. April 2011 issue as of January 2011, the Society of actinomycetes Japan (SAJ) has joined Journal of antibiotics as a branch of the company. SAJ denotes

as its official English language journal in agreement with the Japan Antibiotics Research Association. Actinomycetes Society of Japan (SAJ) aims to develop research actinomycetes, as well as social and academic exchanges between members of national and international .. said Dr order strattera. Arnold L. 60 Demain during the academic career in a special >> << and related. Please visit the page and use specially socilicited articles. As one of the newest additions to the portfolio of NPH, proudly presents

Editor's choice - a collection of articles covers the history and featuring the five themes: new antibacterial agents, determination of structure / chemical synthesis, new biologically active substances (except antibacterial) Genetics of Microorganisms / biosynthesis and microbiology / fermentation / resistance. Since January 2009, Nature Publishing Group begins publishing

on behalf of Japan Antibiotics Research Association. .

Unlike general corrosion, the attack ...

Bacteria in diesel is a known issue for those who work with diesel engines because it is the number one cause of breakdowns engine. Diesel fossil fuels. Itprovides ideal environment for microscopic fungi, yeasts and bacteria feed and grow. There:

trace elements for growth and reproduction. As many as 27 varieties of bacteria responsible for most of the problems with diesel engines and their performance. They are many different types of bacteria infect the system and form bio-film on the steel surface. Accelerated corrosion occurs where the bio-film is deposited, usually in the form of holes or cracks. Unlike general corrosion, the attack on a specific area. No one knows when they get dirty gasoline, but also on

ncecontaminated dieselenters fuel system is strattera no prescritpion very difficult to eradicate. Acquired from the air and moisture, while filling the tank and / or expansion and compression tanks, bacteria covered themselves in protective film (slime) for protection from biocides and not act in minute cracks of metal, rubber and polyurethane coating fuel tanks and fuel system. Then, when water is present [drops the lake microbe] and the environment falls into the right operating temperature range, they start breeding in the water interface of fuel. Microscopic size, they can turn into a mat easily visible to the naked eye very quickly. One cell, weighing only one millionth gram of biomass could grow to 10 pounds in just 12 hours, resulting in biomass of a few centimeters through the fuel / water. Each species has its own characteristics. use of hydrocarbons and asexual reproduction division, swelling in size as they feed, they are then divided into two cells. Thus, microbes double their number every 20 minutes, a dispute going on over 262,144 6:00. is a group of bacteria using a simple carbon, not hydrocarbons, and requires the activity of other microorganisms in the consortium. Aerobic (in the presence of oxygen) and anaerobic (without oxygen) bacteria is a cumulative effect. Aerobic bacteria (sulfate oxide) to create a movie consumes oxygen in the first place. This allows anaerobic (desulfuriruyuschaya) bacteria to thrive. Author reduce sulfate to hydrogen sulfide production [deadly gas]. Theyare directly associated with many microbial corrosion reactions and may cause sulphide souring of stored products of distillation. Their action changes the Ph create an acidic environment, which accelerates corrosion. They are attached to steel, film and go to work. They get their food from the environment and reproduce. They are particularly difficult to deal with silt and produce by-products with a strong smell of sulfur is similar to rotten eggs [hydrogen sulfide]. also contribute to corrosion, steel is ferrite and reduced to oxide by chemical reaction. prefer acidic environment, such as production in SRB. They bud on the parental cells eventually split. Reproduction takes several hours. grow as branching hyphae in a few microns in diameter, forming a thick, rigid, interwoven mats myciel fuel / water interfaces. .

Sciencep pfoley e.

PZiegler, EJ, McCutchan, JA, Fierer J. Glauser, MP Sadoff, JC, Douglas H, Braude, AI

N. Engl. J. Med. P

PMichel T. Reichhart, JM, Hoffmann, JA, Royet, J. P

NatureP PLeturcq, DJ, Moriarty, M., Talbott G., Winn, RK, Martin, TR, Ulevitch, RJ P

J. Clin. Invest. P

PWeyand K., Goronzy J. Fathman, CG, O'Hanley, PP

J. Clin. Invest. P

PSteeves, RA, Grundke-Lqbal, I.

J. Natl. Cancer Inst. P

PEngeland, CG, Kavaliers, M., Ossenkopp, KP P

PsychoneuroendocrinologyP PStelter F., Bernheiden, M., Menzel, R., Jack, RS, Witt, C., Fan, X. , Pfister, M., Z ¬ TT, S.

Eur. J. Biochem. P

PArai K. Matsuki N., Ikegaya Y., Nishiyama, N.

Jpn. J. Pharmacol. P

PUlevitch, RJ, Tobias, PS P

Anna. Rev. Immunol. P

PWilken K., Kitzing K. Kurzbauer R., Ehrmann, M., Clausen, T. P

CellP PKroll, JS, Hopkins, J. Moxon, ER P

CellP PGottar, M., Gobert V, Michel, T. Belvin, M., Duyk G. Hoffman, JA, Ferrandon D. Royet, J. P

NatureP PR »met, M., Manfruelli P. Pearson, A. Matthew, preview, B., Ezekowitz RA P

NatureP PChrist, WJ, Asano, O., Robidu, AL, Perez, M., Wang, Y., Dyubyuka, GR, Gavin, we Hawkins, LD, McGuinness, PD, Mullarkey, MA P

ScienceP PFoley E., O'Farrell, PH P

Genes Dev. P

PRoyet J. Reichhart, JM P

Trends Cell Biol. P

PVosti, KL P

JAMAP PKunin, CM, DeHrut, JE P

JAMAP PGoursot R., Goze A., Niaudet, B. Ehrlich, SD P

NatureP PKaneko T ., Goldman, WE, Mellroth, R. Steiner, H., Fukase K. Kusumoto S., Harley, A. Fox, A., Golenbock D. Silverman, NP

ImmunityP PHorwitz, MA, Silverstein, SC P

J. Clin. Invest. P

PMcEvoy, MM, Dalkvist, FW P

Curr. Were. Structures. Biol. P

PGiraldo R. Diaz-Orejas, R.

Proc. Natl. Akad. Sci. U.S. P

PYang, RB, Mark, MR, Gray, A. Huang, A., Xie, MH, Zhang, M., Goddard, A. Wood, WI, Gurney, AL, Godowski, PJ P

NatureP PJack, RS, Fan, X., Bernheiden, M., G. Rune, Elers, M. Weber, A. Kirsch, G. R. Mentel, F ¬ RLL, B. Froydenberh, M., Schmitz G. Stelter F., Z ¬ TT, S.

NatureP PHambleton J., Mack-Mahoney, M., DeFranco, AL

J. Exp. Medicine P

POoi, CE, Weiss, J., Doerfler, ME, Elsbach, PP

J. Exp. Medicine P

PTough, DF, Sun S., Sprent, J. P

J. Exp. Medicine P

PFitzgerald KA, Palsson-McDermott, M., Bowie AG, Jeffries, California, Mensell, AS, Brady, G. Brint E. Dunn, A. Gray, P. Hart , MT, Mc-Murray, D. Smith, DE, Sims, JE, Bird, TA, O'Neill, LA

NatureP PHayashi, F. Smith, K., Ozinsky, A. Hong, TR, Yi, EC, Goodlett, DR, Eng, JK, Akira, S., Anderhyll, DM, Aderem, AP

NatureP PPereira, JP, R. Girard, Chaby R., Cumano, A. Vieira, P. P

Nat. Immunol. P

PWright, SD, Ramos, RA, Hermanowski-Vosatka strattera online A., Rockwell, P., Detmers, PA P

J. Exp. Medicine P

PLien E., Sellati, TJ, Yoshimura, A., Flo, TH, Rawadi D. Finberg, RW, Carroll, JD, Espevik T. Ingalls, RR, Radolf, JD, Golenbock, DT P

J. Biol. Chem. P

PNakahigashi Yanahi K., H. Yura, T. P

Nucleic Acids Res. P

PGruson, D. Gilbert, H., F. Vargas, Valentino, R. C. Bebear, Allery A., Bebear C., Gbikpi-Benissan G. Cardinaud, JP P

Am. J. Respir. Crete. Care Med. P

PStojiljkovic I. B "umler, AJ, Hantke, K.

J. Mol. Biol. P

PGE J., Ezzell, RM, Tompkins, R., Warren, HS P

J. Infect. Dis. P

Although blood pressure is known to go on ...

Bacterial vaginosis

is inflammation of the vagina and is the most common cause of vaginal infection. It affects many women of all ages but is most common in women of child bearing age. Although not one simple reason was associated with this type of vaginitis is caused by an imbalance of natural bacteria that lives in the vagina. This form of vaginitis is known to disappear by itself, but if it does not treat blood pressure, researchers believe that this may lead to other health hazards. This form of vaginitis, is believed to have a high increase in miscarriages and premature births for women who are pregnant, and it is believed to cause uterine infection after childbirth. This AO also find increased pelvic infections, AOS, especially after procedures such as caesarean section, abortion or hysterectomy. When there is excessive growth of bacteria, it can lead to symptoms such as odor from strattera cost the vagina and vaginal discharge be milky white and sometimes yellow or gray fine. Scientists today can not find just one reason that causes bacterial vaginosis, but found that it is caused by an imbalance of bacteria in the vagina. However, there are various reasons that can increase your chances of acquiring this form of vaginitis. if left untreated, it can lead to other health >> << Here bacterial vaginosis cure, we, Äôre will better inform you of this type of vaginitis: what causes BV, how to prevent this, and different types of treatment that you can use to help overcome this type of vaginitis. Since bacterial vaginosis is the most common type of vaginitis, it did not hesitate, if you buy this infection. It is often confused with yeast infection, or trichomoniasis. However, bacterial vaginosis, which is also known as BV, is caused by bacteria, where the yeast infection and trichomoniasis is not. Every woman should know about bacterial vaginosis treatment. More informed you are, it is easier to recognize the symptoms, so you can treat the symptoms quickly, and remove the irritation. Although blood pressure is known to go by itself, that BP is not always the case. So why suffer from annoying symptoms? Know the causes, determine the best treatment to avoid future attacks and stay healthy. .

However, everything changed for me in 1994...

Included is a very good article, Professor of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Harvard Medical School. Name >> << (freely available as PDF). The article gives entertaining view of the road that will lead him to study

ie clusters of microbes that grow on solid substrates. He also draws attention to some of their recent research in ecology. There is also a joke aquarium. I added some microbial cartoons, just for fun! Microbes excellent model organisms ... at least for studying basic cellular processes. As

-- ("what is true for E. coli is true for the elephant"). That's why Roberto Kolter (and many other researchers) will soon come under the influence of bacteria, particularly E. coli. For some time studying the regulation of cell growth Kolter

E.coli. Under favorable conditions, cells divide to daughter cells that grow and divide faster again, and so on - and the bacterial population experiencing exponential growth. This exponential growth phase (called phase history), usually accompanied by a stationary phase, when growth slows down due to lack of nutrients and accumulation of toxic products. Finally, reduced bacterial population, the so-called phase death >> << (you can visit .. or shaking flasks and test tubes saves only the broth of the whole bulb and provides a continuous supply of fresh air to help bacteria grow quickly as a result, the cells are in >> << =. that is, they grow as a suspension in broth culture, Kolter and his colleagues found some interesting things that happens during the buy strattera stationary phase and death .. The article >> << He summarizes his findings as follows:

"And what we found through genetic analysis was quite extraordinary death allowed a new life, we see the evolution in real time [... ] Base .. usually there is loss of phase dynamic world die and the growth of bacteria. There were constant pulls population already existing mechanic bacterial mutants grew as the indigenous population met his death. Evolutionary cheating we'd call it later [...] "

In other words, adverse conditions occurring in

Escherichia coli cultures during the death phase (toxic products, some food) appeared to have two opposing effects. It was clear that many cells die, - but at the same time, successive waves of various spontaneous mutants able to develop and grow their dying brothers and sisters in a less than optimal conditions, these data were reviewed in two articles memorable names:

and is it not exciting microcosm little creatures in vitro not just die?

. .they develop now, joke or aquarium, Kolter own words!

"In the years represented for me a dramatic twist direction of my research could be attributed to changes to some time after the depression .. I mean it as an insight into the aquarium is now [...]

. microbial life on the surface for decades studied the Bill Costerton and other Intrepid pioneers biofilm field has long been ignored by the majority microbial physiologists and molecular genetics, including me. However, everything changed for me in 1994, when, noticing my depressed state, members of my lab gave me an aquarium in an attempt to bring me to the blues. When I was locked in the office, looking at the tank, I realized that studying culture impressed

E.

stick I was barking at the wrong track. water in the aquarium remains crystal clear, it was on the surface, where most microbial activity occurred. "

This remark applies also for aquariums .. It is possible that the majority of microbes on Earth spend most of their life together gives the surface, and therefore not in free circulation or swimming, planktonic state obviously is not a single young men, we can see biofilm in nature quite complex societies "or" bridge ", where different types of microorganisms that inhabit the buildings are made of adhesive macromolecules (polysaccharides, proteins, DNA). important to note that bacteria in biofilms are sometimes resistant to antibiotics to which the same organisms sensitive when the planktonic state. So, are microbiologists were "barking at the wrong track" all the time? Well, not really. experiments using cultures were impressed and will be very useful. They, no doubt, very valuable to learn about the biochemistry, genetics and many other aspects of the biology of microbes. They play an important role in ensuring we have antibiotics and vaccines to combat infectious diseases. But it is true that sometimes shocked culture is the best model of research, especially if we try to understand " ; real life "microbes in the natural environment. lead Kolter" aquarium epiphany "in biofilm research. The first approach, he and his staff have been studying biofilm formation of certain

strain accompanying picture shows -. left - float glass film forms of bacteria when grown in continuous (not shake!) culture broth, and - it - enlarge the colony grown on agar plates, although this biofilm consists of only one body, in fact they are well structured, with multiple layers consisting of different cell types participates in various events. some cells actively producing matrix (not Wachowskis "movie, but the glue that holds together biofilm), others float around, and there are also some cells in the process of establishing how close the dispute that the multicellular organism A. ziYShz

biofilm very useful model.? -.? but you may think that a glass of one type of microbial very artificial settings Then, as scientists study the biofilm in a natural environment for the Kolter, inspiration came - not aquarium part - from the writings of biologist. In collaboration with Wilson, developed in the 1960s, the theory that has become a fundamental ecology and evolutionary biology. theory tries to explain the factors that control the number of species in natural communities (it was originally designed for the island, but now applied to any ecosystem in surrounded by other ecosystems). Kolter was fascinated by the way Wilson

islands to apply the theory to the test (that Wilson was really nothing for fumigation of small islands to kill all arthropods and then. see how the island was colonization), but Kolter was very wise, and not try to make free from germs of any island (which will be very difficult) His approach is much less destructive, the study consisted of two natural >> <<:. .. carnivorous pitchers plant and human lung, carnivorous plants eat insects and spiders that fall in its water jugs filled Kolter and collaborators found that within a closed, newly jugs were sterile - there go, microbial island born, this is allowed to analyze the composition of bacterial populations in emerging jugs during the season, as the microbes colonize. Among other results, the researchers found that pitchers containing some mosquito larvae (mortgage predators) was more bacterial diversity. second island microbial studied Kolter and employees are the airways of people suffering from (CF .) While you are healthy, your lungs should be largely fruitless. However, respiratory diseases such as CF or asthma outside the open gate microbial colonizers, which may do much harm. in CF, the main microbial agent is a bacteria that form biofilms the lungs and can easily become resistant to antibiotics. Using culture independent methods, laboratory Kolter in comparison of microbial communities in light of different patients with CF. Researchers have shown that the presence of P.

sticks was associated with lower microbial diversity worse lung function and patient age. In other words, it seems that coming

P. >> << Sticks ('invasive species) greatly affects the microbial community in the CF lung, which leads to a decrease in diversity. researchers suggest that the composition of microbial community could be a better predictor of disease progression than the presence of P.

sticks alone. Well, it was a long period. Please read Roberto Kolter (it's free), which includes some interesting thoughts and quotes.

fascinating concept. and increasing interaction between long-isolated fields of ecology and microbiology, I think, change how you view their subjects of research microbiologists. Hopefully, environmentalists also become more familiar organisms that control the planet - which are not people, you know, Roberto Kolter (2010) biofilm in the laboratory and nature: molecular genetics trip in Microbial Ecology Int Microbiol, 13, 1-7 DOI: ......

(video) Jupiter, May 2007 - and bacteria, multicellular organisms (podcast) Meet the scientist, episode 20, March 2009 MicrobeWorld - (free PDF), IV Costerton (2008) 21 ......: 59-67 - On the existence of germs ( virus) in healthy and sick human lungs ... Metahenomnyy Analysis of respiratory viral DNA associations in cystic fibrosis patients without cystic fibrosis died (2009) 4 (10): e7370 (free article ...) .. Many thanks to her for allowing me to use cartoons for this blog source: bacteria image PNNL - Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Source: strain NCIB 3610 Source: Source ..:. << ... >>